Use IEA concentration and investment analysis and the DO-US framework as context. Commitments, disbursements, refining assets and production are distinct stages.
The IEA’s 2026 critical-minerals outlook analyses concentrated refining and export controls as supply-chain vulnerabilities, noting a gap between growing public-finance commitments and actual disbursements.
Original source ↗MIREX reported on 10 September that DO and the United States signed a cooperation framework on critical-mineral and rare-earth supply chains, extraction and processing, including identifying projects of mutual interest and facilitating finance.
Original source ↗